1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
It was the proposition to create a League of Nations, which would be a national organization that would let nations talk to each other about their grievances against another nation and resolve them peacefully without starting another war.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
Germany was accused of being the fault of the war and then had to pay reparations to the allies which totaled over thirty-three billion. Also, it humiliated them which made them vengeful making the already "no more wars" effect ineffective. Great Britain and France had also gotten land that was controlled by Germany which could've helped payed off their debt.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
The weaknesses of the treaty were that since it alienated Germany and blamed them for pretty much everything made the "no more war" effect no longer effective, and it made some major postwar problems which would also cause a second world war eventually. Also, Germany was humiliated because they had to admit that they were the cause of the war, and since the nations in the Pacific were taken away from them there was no way they could pay their huge reparations bill. Lastly, the Soviet Union was deprived of land, the allies took some of it away, which made them also vengeful, and some of the nations that were promised "self-determination" were ignored of that right and also became belligerent; they wanted the same rights as the people in the west.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He objected to the treaty because the League threatened America, they might be isolated, and he didn't like joint economic and military action against aggression. Also, they wanted Congress' right to declare war included in the treaty.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
Wilson helped bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty by ignoring the Republican opinions of the treaty and didn't compromise with them. Also, when he was confined in bed he still pressed for the ratification but it never passed.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
Many Germans wanted vengeance and were upset at how unfair the treaty was, they had to admit the war started because of them and had a huge debt to pay that really hurt the citizens and the nation.
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
George Clemenceau was the primier of France and didn't want any further invasions into France by Germany. He was one of the main four people that helped make the Treaty of Versailles.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
David Lloyd George was the reelected prime minister of Britain that won with the slogan "Make Germany pay!" which obviously says that he still wanted to fight against Germany and had no intentions of giving any lee-way or be clement towards Germany.
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
Russia was excluded from the peace conference so they weren't able to disagree or anything about the treaty, which hurt them because they lost a lot of land which made them vengeful too.
Showing posts with label Wilson. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Wilson. Show all posts
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Thursday, December 10, 2009
WWI - The War at Home
What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board told companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and they tried to make the companies produce less waste by standardizing products. Also, they increased industry production by twenty percent.
2. Railroad Administration controled the railroads in the United States.
3. Fuel Administration took control on how much coal, gasoline, and oil was being supplied and used. They also introduced "day-light savings" time where it originated from Benjamin Franklin in the 1770's, but they influenced enough people to have "gasless sundays" and "lightness nights" to conserve energy.
4. National War Labor Board was made to stop riots, but it helped them in the end because it improved working conditions, lessened the work day to eight hours, the work place was inspected, and helped ban child labor.
5. Food Administration was established by Wilson to help produce and conserve food; there became meatless weeks, wheatless days, and sweetless weeks. Also, restaurants took away the bowls of sugar they had and served bread only after the meal. Then people began growing their own gardens, and Hoover put high prices on wheat and other popular foods which made farmers buy more land an in turn improved their income by thirty percent. Lastly, since people were growing their own gardens the food supplies to the allies tripled.
6. Committee on Public Information brought immense patriotism, and it used a lot of propaganda to influence people about the positive things about the war, which was lead by George Creel.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts put fines against anyone who went against the war effort or tried to impede it. Also, it put people in jail for horrific actions against non native-born Americans like Germans, but then it started to get out of hand when people were put to jail or fired from their jobs just because they were against war or trying to improve working conditions in the factories.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
George Creel is a significant historical figure because he went crazy on the propaganda. He told people to make paintings, brochures, posters, you name it and it all greatly influenced many people, but it also brought hatred from different ethnic groups. However, his propaganda was pretty much the start of almost "extreme" propaganda. He had taken complete control and took propaganda to the next level, you can say. Bernard M. Baruch is also a significant historical figure because he helped make the War Industries Board successful by setting standards and reducing waste of materials and conserving materials. He greatly changed how people looked at how much oil or gasoline or coal they should use and really started conservation of energy.
1. War Industries Board told companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and they tried to make the companies produce less waste by standardizing products. Also, they increased industry production by twenty percent.
2. Railroad Administration controled the railroads in the United States.
3. Fuel Administration took control on how much coal, gasoline, and oil was being supplied and used. They also introduced "day-light savings" time where it originated from Benjamin Franklin in the 1770's, but they influenced enough people to have "gasless sundays" and "lightness nights" to conserve energy.
4. National War Labor Board was made to stop riots, but it helped them in the end because it improved working conditions, lessened the work day to eight hours, the work place was inspected, and helped ban child labor.
5. Food Administration was established by Wilson to help produce and conserve food; there became meatless weeks, wheatless days, and sweetless weeks. Also, restaurants took away the bowls of sugar they had and served bread only after the meal. Then people began growing their own gardens, and Hoover put high prices on wheat and other popular foods which made farmers buy more land an in turn improved their income by thirty percent. Lastly, since people were growing their own gardens the food supplies to the allies tripled.
6. Committee on Public Information brought immense patriotism, and it used a lot of propaganda to influence people about the positive things about the war, which was lead by George Creel.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts put fines against anyone who went against the war effort or tried to impede it. Also, it put people in jail for horrific actions against non native-born Americans like Germans, but then it started to get out of hand when people were put to jail or fired from their jobs just because they were against war or trying to improve working conditions in the factories.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
George Creel is a significant historical figure because he went crazy on the propaganda. He told people to make paintings, brochures, posters, you name it and it all greatly influenced many people, but it also brought hatred from different ethnic groups. However, his propaganda was pretty much the start of almost "extreme" propaganda. He had taken complete control and took propaganda to the next level, you can say. Bernard M. Baruch is also a significant historical figure because he helped make the War Industries Board successful by setting standards and reducing waste of materials and conserving materials. He greatly changed how people looked at how much oil or gasoline or coal they should use and really started conservation of energy.
Wednesday, December 2, 2009
The U.S. enters World War I
1. How did the United States raise an army?
They raised an army firstly by passing the Selective Service Act which required men to register to join the army where they would randomly be selected to be in the army. Also, America would train their soldiers over an eight month time period where they would target practice, bayonet drill, kitchen duty, and cleaning up the grounds. Unfortunately they weren't able to practice with the modern weapons, so they uses rocks as grenades and sticks as rifles. Lastly, the U.S. made some crucial steps to help them go across the seas. First, they exempted all the shipyard workers and a few other exceptions. Second, they gave the ship yard workers special flags of recognition and told the citizens to help give them rides to work everyday, the U.S. had basically made every one know that the ship yard workers were very important. Third, they decided to make the parts in seperate places then send them to the ship yards where they would be assembled. Lastly, they took over commercial and private ships to use them in the journey across seas for the soldiers and etcetera.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
U.S. soldiers helped win the war by the navy making barrier of mines across the North Atlantic so the German U-Boats would get caught and so they couldn't go farther up the Atlantic. Also, what really made the allies win was American enthusiasm and freshness because the U.S. really wanted to heart Germany bad and hard and their enthusiasm and freshness spread to the other allied soldiers and forces. Some important people in the war were Alvin York, who killed twenty-five Germans and helped capture one hundred and thirty-two other German soldiers, Eddie Richenbacker was the "ace of aces" American pilot, and General John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary Force (AEF).
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
The estimated costs of the war was $338 billion including all the nations.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
The total deaths numbered around twenty-two million and more than half were civilians, plus twenty million wounded, and ten million became refugees. The United States lost forty-eight thousand men in battle and sixty-two thousand men were dying of disease, and more than two hundred thousand men were wounded.
5. Define armistice.
An armistice is basically a truce where you completely cease fire. Germany called an armistice when they were no longer able to fight and it ended the war.
They raised an army firstly by passing the Selective Service Act which required men to register to join the army where they would randomly be selected to be in the army. Also, America would train their soldiers over an eight month time period where they would target practice, bayonet drill, kitchen duty, and cleaning up the grounds. Unfortunately they weren't able to practice with the modern weapons, so they uses rocks as grenades and sticks as rifles. Lastly, the U.S. made some crucial steps to help them go across the seas. First, they exempted all the shipyard workers and a few other exceptions. Second, they gave the ship yard workers special flags of recognition and told the citizens to help give them rides to work everyday, the U.S. had basically made every one know that the ship yard workers were very important. Third, they decided to make the parts in seperate places then send them to the ship yards where they would be assembled. Lastly, they took over commercial and private ships to use them in the journey across seas for the soldiers and etcetera.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
U.S. soldiers helped win the war by the navy making barrier of mines across the North Atlantic so the German U-Boats would get caught and so they couldn't go farther up the Atlantic. Also, what really made the allies win was American enthusiasm and freshness because the U.S. really wanted to heart Germany bad and hard and their enthusiasm and freshness spread to the other allied soldiers and forces. Some important people in the war were Alvin York, who killed twenty-five Germans and helped capture one hundred and thirty-two other German soldiers, Eddie Richenbacker was the "ace of aces" American pilot, and General John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary Force (AEF).
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
The estimated costs of the war was $338 billion including all the nations.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
The total deaths numbered around twenty-two million and more than half were civilians, plus twenty million wounded, and ten million became refugees. The United States lost forty-eight thousand men in battle and sixty-two thousand men were dying of disease, and more than two hundred thousand men were wounded.
5. Define armistice.
An armistice is basically a truce where you completely cease fire. Germany called an armistice when they were no longer able to fight and it ended the war.
Monday, November 30, 2009
World War I Begins
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
The four main causes of World War I are nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the formation of a system of alliances. Nationalism was a cause because many nations wanted independence, like the Slavs in Serbia and some in Austria-Hungary were wanted by Russia so they could have a better country and so Russia and Austria-Hungary were rivals. Imperialism was a cause because the more powerful nations like Germany and France wanted to conquer colonies which gave them manufactured goods and etc., soon the power nations (Britain, France, and Germany) competed for the colonies. Also, militarism is a cause of World War I because at first the power countries were just building them to protect their colonies, but then Germany started making a huge army and built up a stronger navy so Britain started competing with them and so did the other nations, like Italy, France, and even the United States. Lastly, the alliance system was a cause of the war because there were different alliances like the allies and central powers and all the nations were reluctant to fight, and the nations in their alliances promised to back each other up if a nation decided to declare war on one of them.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand became the spark that started WWI because Austria-Hungary then declared war on Siberia, the assassinator was in a group called the Black Hand which promoted Siberian independence, then Germany declared war against Russia then France and invaded Belgium so Britain declared war on them. Overall, it started the dominoes of countries declaring war on each other.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
Within the first few months of fighting Germany had made a plan, called the Schflieffen Plan, were they would try to hold action against Russia, then go through Belgium to Paris, and then they planned to defeat France and after defeat Russia. However, as Germany barged through Belgium the civilians freaked out and were terrified, which turned into a crisis with chaos. Also, there were many casualties because of the Trench Warfare.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The United States wanted to stay out of the war because they didn't want their young men to be exposed to the horrific scenes on a battlefield, and they wanted to set a good example of peace saying that war was evil. However, only some people believed this while others wanted to go into war. There were strong opinions but they were divided.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized citizens wanted to go into war because they felt like they still had ties to their native countries. For example, the Irish saw this as an opportunity to get Ireland its' independence. Socialists opposed U.S. participation in the war because they saw it as a war between Germany and England that they were competing to control the lands in Africa, China, and the Middle East. Pacifists opposed America going to war because they saw it as evil and that the U.S. should set a good example of peace. Lastly, the parents opposed the war because they didn't want their sons going into war and seeing the horrors of it.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany responded to the British naval blockade of Germany's ports by sending their submarines to the ports of Britain and tries to sink all their boats that were there without warning. The U.S. response to this was that after they sank Lusitania off the coast of Ireland, which killed 128 Americans, the U.S. opinion of Germany was angry and they turned against Germany and the Central Powers. Also, Germany kept sinking other ships that had Americans on it and the U.S. responded with protests against Germany. Germany then made a promise to stop sinking ships, but on a condition that the U.S. would have to convince Britain to remove its blockade, which the U.S. was unable to do.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
What forced the United States into war was the fact that Germany threatened to sink any ship in the British ports wether neutral or not, and then an intercepted telegraph by Britain from Germany saying that if Mexico made an alliance with Germany then Germany would help back them up by getting Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if America were to declare war on them. Also, when the Russian monarchy was replaced with a representative government, which gave Americans the idea that this was a war against brutal monarchies and democracies.
The four main causes of World War I are nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the formation of a system of alliances. Nationalism was a cause because many nations wanted independence, like the Slavs in Serbia and some in Austria-Hungary were wanted by Russia so they could have a better country and so Russia and Austria-Hungary were rivals. Imperialism was a cause because the more powerful nations like Germany and France wanted to conquer colonies which gave them manufactured goods and etc., soon the power nations (Britain, France, and Germany) competed for the colonies. Also, militarism is a cause of World War I because at first the power countries were just building them to protect their colonies, but then Germany started making a huge army and built up a stronger navy so Britain started competing with them and so did the other nations, like Italy, France, and even the United States. Lastly, the alliance system was a cause of the war because there were different alliances like the allies and central powers and all the nations were reluctant to fight, and the nations in their alliances promised to back each other up if a nation decided to declare war on one of them.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand became the spark that started WWI because Austria-Hungary then declared war on Siberia, the assassinator was in a group called the Black Hand which promoted Siberian independence, then Germany declared war against Russia then France and invaded Belgium so Britain declared war on them. Overall, it started the dominoes of countries declaring war on each other.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
Within the first few months of fighting Germany had made a plan, called the Schflieffen Plan, were they would try to hold action against Russia, then go through Belgium to Paris, and then they planned to defeat France and after defeat Russia. However, as Germany barged through Belgium the civilians freaked out and were terrified, which turned into a crisis with chaos. Also, there were many casualties because of the Trench Warfare.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The United States wanted to stay out of the war because they didn't want their young men to be exposed to the horrific scenes on a battlefield, and they wanted to set a good example of peace saying that war was evil. However, only some people believed this while others wanted to go into war. There were strong opinions but they were divided.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized citizens wanted to go into war because they felt like they still had ties to their native countries. For example, the Irish saw this as an opportunity to get Ireland its' independence. Socialists opposed U.S. participation in the war because they saw it as a war between Germany and England that they were competing to control the lands in Africa, China, and the Middle East. Pacifists opposed America going to war because they saw it as evil and that the U.S. should set a good example of peace. Lastly, the parents opposed the war because they didn't want their sons going into war and seeing the horrors of it.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany responded to the British naval blockade of Germany's ports by sending their submarines to the ports of Britain and tries to sink all their boats that were there without warning. The U.S. response to this was that after they sank Lusitania off the coast of Ireland, which killed 128 Americans, the U.S. opinion of Germany was angry and they turned against Germany and the Central Powers. Also, Germany kept sinking other ships that had Americans on it and the U.S. responded with protests against Germany. Germany then made a promise to stop sinking ships, but on a condition that the U.S. would have to convince Britain to remove its blockade, which the U.S. was unable to do.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
What forced the United States into war was the fact that Germany threatened to sink any ship in the British ports wether neutral or not, and then an intercepted telegraph by Britain from Germany saying that if Mexico made an alliance with Germany then Germany would help back them up by getting Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if America were to declare war on them. Also, when the Russian monarchy was replaced with a representative government, which gave Americans the idea that this was a war against brutal monarchies and democracies.
Friday, October 16, 2009
Progressive Era Presidents Taft and Wilson
1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
William Howard Taft had gotten selected to run for president because the previous president, President Roosevelt, had hand selected him to run for president, he basically nominated Taft himself. Taft and the Republicans won an easy victory under the slogan "Vote for Taft this time, you can vote for Bryan any time." Also, Taft was the Secretary of War during Roosevelt's presidency so Roosevelt knew about Taft and thought that he would cary on his ideas.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
Taft wasn't expanding Roosevelt's reforms instead he was hesitant towards everything, every obstacle that he faced; Taft even admitted to Roosevelt that he didn't feel like a president. Also, after Taft's presidency and the next election came he ran against Roosevelt, Wilson, and Debs; during the campaigning both Taft and Roosevelt gibed at each other and even Wilson agreed that it turned nasty, he was smart to stay out of it.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
During Taft's presidency he completely fell flat, for example he made tariffs that angered many people and he fired Ballinger, who was part of the U.S. Forest Service, because Ballinger spoke against Taft's action in taking away one million acres of land. Also, the refute between Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican Party, and the overall fighting help Wilson win the election in 1912. Lastly, Wilson had the same ideas of Roosevelt but a different way of putting them into action which helped make him more appealing to the public than Roosevelt.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
Wilson used the power of being president to pass acts, he helped pass the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) and the Federal Trade Commission Act (1914). The Clayton Act prohibited companies from buying stocks from another if their intentions were to make a monopoly. The Federal Trade Commission Act made the FTC, also known as the Federal Trade Commission. Their job was to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from the corporations, and to put an end to many unfair business traditions. These acts greatly helped end the monopolies and was a very affective attack against the trusts and monopolies.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment was added to the constitution in 1919 and it allowed women the right to vote, after their hard struggles for their suffrage and then the entry in World War I it was given that the women would finally have the right to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
The Americans and legislators were very distracted by the war and let the progressive movement go to a standstill. Also, during Wilson's second presidency the war completely dominated his time as president which also helped stall the reform movement, and then the progressive movement stopped.
William Howard Taft had gotten selected to run for president because the previous president, President Roosevelt, had hand selected him to run for president, he basically nominated Taft himself. Taft and the Republicans won an easy victory under the slogan "Vote for Taft this time, you can vote for Bryan any time." Also, Taft was the Secretary of War during Roosevelt's presidency so Roosevelt knew about Taft and thought that he would cary on his ideas.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
Taft wasn't expanding Roosevelt's reforms instead he was hesitant towards everything, every obstacle that he faced; Taft even admitted to Roosevelt that he didn't feel like a president. Also, after Taft's presidency and the next election came he ran against Roosevelt, Wilson, and Debs; during the campaigning both Taft and Roosevelt gibed at each other and even Wilson agreed that it turned nasty, he was smart to stay out of it.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
During Taft's presidency he completely fell flat, for example he made tariffs that angered many people and he fired Ballinger, who was part of the U.S. Forest Service, because Ballinger spoke against Taft's action in taking away one million acres of land. Also, the refute between Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican Party, and the overall fighting help Wilson win the election in 1912. Lastly, Wilson had the same ideas of Roosevelt but a different way of putting them into action which helped make him more appealing to the public than Roosevelt.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
Wilson used the power of being president to pass acts, he helped pass the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) and the Federal Trade Commission Act (1914). The Clayton Act prohibited companies from buying stocks from another if their intentions were to make a monopoly. The Federal Trade Commission Act made the FTC, also known as the Federal Trade Commission. Their job was to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from the corporations, and to put an end to many unfair business traditions. These acts greatly helped end the monopolies and was a very affective attack against the trusts and monopolies.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment was added to the constitution in 1919 and it allowed women the right to vote, after their hard struggles for their suffrage and then the entry in World War I it was given that the women would finally have the right to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
The Americans and legislators were very distracted by the war and let the progressive movement go to a standstill. Also, during Wilson's second presidency the war completely dominated his time as president which also helped stall the reform movement, and then the progressive movement stopped.
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