1. What factors have affected viewpoints on Truman's decision?
Truman's decision of the atomic bomb was and still is greatly debated. Some people believe that he dropped the bombs to scare the Soviet Union. Since the war was basically over, or so they knew and thought that it was, the bomb was pointless. Others believe that Truman dropped the atomic bombs because the military wanted to test out these new weapons of war, instead of using it for military need. Lastly, many people believe that he used them to save lives, without the bombs more lives would have been lost. These people say this because there is few evidence proving that Truman was trying to scare USSR or the military wanting to test out a new weapon. In conclusion, with so many different theories, like scaring the USSR and military testing it out, people have put themselves on different sides on Truman's decision.
2. Do you think he made the right decision? Give your reasons.
I believe that President Truman made the right decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan. In one of the Pacific Battles, at Okiniwa, there were many casualties and it was just a less harsher example to what the island of Japan would be like. President Truman didn't want to lose any more men in the war, and people predicted that there would be deaths in the hundred thousands or even millions if the allies were to invace Japan. Truman wanted to prevent this, and in this aspect it was the right way to go to prevent allied deaths by using the atomic bombs. Also, if he were to use the atomic bombs on Japan it'd be almost a guarantee that they would defeat Japan and overall the Axis powers. I think if anyone were in his situation they'd want to end the war as soon as possible without losing millions of soldiers. The Japanese were vey aggressive and were fighting to the death, how else could he have defeated them if they wouldn't even surrender. They would have to defeat the Japanese, in battles, until all the Japanese were dead or if the Japanese killed themselves. This made the probability of losing a high number of men in the war at a higher percentage. In conclusion, I believe that President Truman had made the right decision on dropping two atomic bombs in Japan because it would lower the number of allied casualties and end the Pacific War and defeat the Axis Powers quicker.
Showing posts with label Japan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Japan. Show all posts
Sunday, March 14, 2010
Thursday, March 11, 2010
War in the Pacific
1. What was the importance of the Battle of Midway?
The Battle of Midway was very important for the war effort and the allies because it was the turning point in the war. The allies, mostly Americans, had demoralized the Japanese a little and had raised pride and moral in America. People, including the Japanese were saying that America had avenged Pearl Harbor (referring to the attack at Pearl Harbor). Also, after this attack the allies began seizing and attacking all the other islands, in the book they called it "hopping" and "leapfrogging."
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?
The strategy that the United States adopted to fight the Japanese was being offensive. America started taking action that pushed them forward in the war. They went and attacked instead of being defensive and defending their land.
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?
The Japanese fought so hard on Iwo Jima because the island was so close to the main island, Japan. If the U.S. seized this island they'd be close to Japan and bomber airplanes would easily be able to attack Japan. The island was a major component on determining wether or not America or Japan could keep or get control. The island was so close to Japan that if Japan lost that island America would easily be able to attack the island. Also, the Japanese used this island as a major defense, it was loaded with the most men, amunition, and etc. to defend Japan.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?
The allies believed that Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan because so many allie soldiers had died. Churchill predicted that hundreds of thousands or millions of men would probably die in Japan. Also, they were opened up to kamikazes that detroyed many ships and killed many men. Then on land they weren't prepared for how much worse it would be thant he at sea battles. Millions of Japanese soldiers had died while hundreds of thousands American soldiers had died, and they also saw two generals commit suicide because they'd rather do that than surrender. The Allies just thought wow this is crazy, Japan must be a lot worse (or something along the lines of that).
5. What was the Manhattan Project?
The Manhattan Project was made to research and try to build atomic bombs. The project did become successful, and only a handful of Americans knew about it, the ones that were involved in the project. However, many Americans in the project didn't know what the bomb(s) were going to be used for, and President Truman didn't even know until he came into office.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?
President Truman decided to dop atomic bombs on Japan because he wanted to end the war and possibly save more lives (Allie lives). President Truman solely used the atomic bombs on Japan to end the war because he knew that fighting in Japan would be pretty much impossible. He saw how hard and devastating it was to win over Okinawa and Iwo Jima; so he thought that the best way was to drop atomic bombs. The Japanese even said that they wouldn't surrender, but after the two bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki they did end up surrendering.
The Battle of Midway was very important for the war effort and the allies because it was the turning point in the war. The allies, mostly Americans, had demoralized the Japanese a little and had raised pride and moral in America. People, including the Japanese were saying that America had avenged Pearl Harbor (referring to the attack at Pearl Harbor). Also, after this attack the allies began seizing and attacking all the other islands, in the book they called it "hopping" and "leapfrogging."
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?
The strategy that the United States adopted to fight the Japanese was being offensive. America started taking action that pushed them forward in the war. They went and attacked instead of being defensive and defending their land.
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?
The Japanese fought so hard on Iwo Jima because the island was so close to the main island, Japan. If the U.S. seized this island they'd be close to Japan and bomber airplanes would easily be able to attack Japan. The island was a major component on determining wether or not America or Japan could keep or get control. The island was so close to Japan that if Japan lost that island America would easily be able to attack the island. Also, the Japanese used this island as a major defense, it was loaded with the most men, amunition, and etc. to defend Japan.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?
The allies believed that Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan because so many allie soldiers had died. Churchill predicted that hundreds of thousands or millions of men would probably die in Japan. Also, they were opened up to kamikazes that detroyed many ships and killed many men. Then on land they weren't prepared for how much worse it would be thant he at sea battles. Millions of Japanese soldiers had died while hundreds of thousands American soldiers had died, and they also saw two generals commit suicide because they'd rather do that than surrender. The Allies just thought wow this is crazy, Japan must be a lot worse (or something along the lines of that).
5. What was the Manhattan Project?
The Manhattan Project was made to research and try to build atomic bombs. The project did become successful, and only a handful of Americans knew about it, the ones that were involved in the project. However, many Americans in the project didn't know what the bomb(s) were going to be used for, and President Truman didn't even know until he came into office.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?
President Truman decided to dop atomic bombs on Japan because he wanted to end the war and possibly save more lives (Allie lives). President Truman solely used the atomic bombs on Japan to end the war because he knew that fighting in Japan would be pretty much impossible. He saw how hard and devastating it was to win over Okinawa and Iwo Jima; so he thought that the best way was to drop atomic bombs. The Japanese even said that they wouldn't surrender, but after the two bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki they did end up surrendering.
Thursday, March 4, 2010
Japan and U.S. Relations in 1941
Japan and U.S. Relations in 1941
Document A
-Japan wants America to think about what side they're on
-Japan talked about how to help the other two axis powers control great britain
-they also figured that if they injured the south or took control over it, it would badly hurt america because they need certain strategic materials that Japan would deplete
Document B
-Japan is running circles around America
-America is still trying to isolate itself (well FDR and two other people are)
-this is probably after pearl harbor and the cartoonest wants America to do something about japan "encircling" them
Document C
-Japan is leaving something, possibly the League of Nations
-it talks about how America has ignored Japan and was upset about it
-possibly America put a new act on Japan that made them lose money or restrict imports and exports of some sort
Document D
-Japan's army lead by Tojo is trying to live up to the Prime Minister
-wants to be aggressive
-wants to make the empire bigger
Document E
-America is deeply upset at what the Japanese had done (pearl harbor)
-FDR talks about how we were peaceful with the empire
-now he's asking congress to let him declare war on japan
-says that this date (pear harbor dec. 7th 1941) will live on forever
Document A
-Japan wants America to think about what side they're on
-Japan talked about how to help the other two axis powers control great britain
-they also figured that if they injured the south or took control over it, it would badly hurt america because they need certain strategic materials that Japan would deplete
Document B
-Japan is running circles around America
-America is still trying to isolate itself (well FDR and two other people are)
-this is probably after pearl harbor and the cartoonest wants America to do something about japan "encircling" them
Document C
-Japan is leaving something, possibly the League of Nations
-it talks about how America has ignored Japan and was upset about it
-possibly America put a new act on Japan that made them lose money or restrict imports and exports of some sort
Document D
-Japan's army lead by Tojo is trying to live up to the Prime Minister
-wants to be aggressive
-wants to make the empire bigger
Document E
-America is deeply upset at what the Japanese had done (pearl harbor)
-FDR talks about how we were peaceful with the empire
-now he's asking congress to let him declare war on japan
-says that this date (pear harbor dec. 7th 1941) will live on forever
Monday, March 1, 2010
America Moves Toward War
1. What did the 1939 Neutrality Act allow?
The 1939 Neutrality Act allowed the "cash-and-carry," which is that the U.S. would sell (mostly the allies) weapons and etc. but they would have to pay in cash and they would have to find their own way to get and bring the supplies back to their nation themselves.
2. Who were the Axis powers?
The Axis powers were Italy, Germany, and Japan.
3. What did the Lend-Lease Act do?
The Lend-Lease Act was proposed by FDR and he said that the U.S. would send supplies and such to any country whose defense was vital to the United States, and this was made because Britain had run out of money to buy supplies from the U.S.
4. What pledges were contained in the Atlantic Charter?
The pledges that were contained in the Atlantic Charter were that both would have collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas.
5. Who were the Allies?
The Allies were Britain, France, the United States, and many other nations with a total of 26.
6. What did the attack at Pearl Harbor do to the U.s. Pacific fleet?
The attack at Pearly Harbor tremendously depleted the U.S. Pacific fleet. Over two thousand men were killed plus over a thousand injnured. A total of twenty-one ships were sunk or damaged including eight battleships and about three hundred aircrafts were either destroyed or damaged. All of this made the United States almost unable to fight the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean, if they did there would be many lost battles before many won battles (as Roosevelt said).
7. Why did Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.?
Italy and Germany declared war on the U.S. because the United States declared war on Japan, and since these three nations signed the Tritarpite Pact they had to come in and help the other if they were being attacked (like if one nation attacked one of these three nations the other two would have to go and fight against this nation as well).
The 1939 Neutrality Act allowed the "cash-and-carry," which is that the U.S. would sell (mostly the allies) weapons and etc. but they would have to pay in cash and they would have to find their own way to get and bring the supplies back to their nation themselves.
2. Who were the Axis powers?
The Axis powers were Italy, Germany, and Japan.
3. What did the Lend-Lease Act do?
The Lend-Lease Act was proposed by FDR and he said that the U.S. would send supplies and such to any country whose defense was vital to the United States, and this was made because Britain had run out of money to buy supplies from the U.S.
4. What pledges were contained in the Atlantic Charter?
The pledges that were contained in the Atlantic Charter were that both would have collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas.
5. Who were the Allies?
The Allies were Britain, France, the United States, and many other nations with a total of 26.
6. What did the attack at Pearl Harbor do to the U.s. Pacific fleet?
The attack at Pearly Harbor tremendously depleted the U.S. Pacific fleet. Over two thousand men were killed plus over a thousand injnured. A total of twenty-one ships were sunk or damaged including eight battleships and about three hundred aircrafts were either destroyed or damaged. All of this made the United States almost unable to fight the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean, if they did there would be many lost battles before many won battles (as Roosevelt said).
7. Why did Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.?
Italy and Germany declared war on the U.S. because the United States declared war on Japan, and since these three nations signed the Tritarpite Pact they had to come in and help the other if they were being attacked (like if one nation attacked one of these three nations the other two would have to go and fight against this nation as well).
Saturday, February 27, 2010
"Isolationism" and FDR (1935-1941)
1. What were the goals of the isolationists? Why is "isolationism" a misleading term?
The goals of the isolationists were staying out of war, keeping the peace, and being neutral and have a good standing. They thought that America wouldn't be able to make enough in industry or survive the war with the Great Depression still going on. Also, they wanted to keep the peace as means to keep foreign trade and etc. with Europe peaceful. Lastly, they wanted to be neutral and have a good standing in the war (be strong but not be active in the war), they didnt want to be on any side and wanted America to be a good strong example almost. "Isolationism" is a misnomer because it implies that some Americans should isolate itself but in fact this group of people favored international trade and certain bilateral agreements set in the 1930s. Also, many isolationists agreed with some of the terms set during World War I.
2. What did some isolationists feel that there was no need for Americans to feel threatened by developments in Europe and Asia?
They felt that the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans cushoned them from the war, and the U.S. had made friendly alliances with the western hemisphere therefore America was safe all the way around (at least this is what some isolationists thought).
3. What were the purposes of the Nye Committee hearings?
The purposes of the Nye Committee hearings were to investigate why the U.S. went into World War I, let the people know and hopefully understand those reasons, and make people not want war inturn making the United States stay out of the problems in Europe and Asia.
4. List two impressions that the Nye Committee hearings created.
One impression the Nye Committee hearings created was that soldiers had died in WWI because of corporations looking to make profits and had convinced President Wilson to go to war. Secondly, it made Americans believe that big businesses again would drag them into this war too.
5. What were the purposes of the Neutrality Acts?
The purposes of the Neutrality Acts were to keep America from choosing sides in the war, prohibited the shipping of arms and weapons to nations at war, to bring the armament industry under the control of the government, and no Americans on warring country’s ships or American ships in the war.xd
6. List two reasons that some Americans considered Roosevelt's leadership radical and dangerous.
One reason, Americans considered Roosevelt’s leadership radical and dangerous because FDR attempted to “pack” the court with leaders he appointed himself to add to the court, for every man over the age of seventy. Secondly, FDR tried becoming president a third term in 1940, therefore people thought he was becoming overly powerful and in turn dangerous.
7. What was "Cash and Carry"?
“Cash and Carry” was part of the Neutrality Act of 1939 and allowed America to sell products to the warring nations but they would have to pay in cash and find a means as to bring the products to them (America wouldn’t send ships with the products to the warring nations the nations would have to get it themselves).
8. Why did President Roosevelt freeze Japanese assets in the United States?
FDR froze Japanese assets in the United States because FDR thought that Japan was moving too aggressively and after Japan took control of northern French Indochina FDR couldn’t take it anymore.
9. What was the purpose of the America First Committee?
The sole purpose of the America First Committee was to keep the country out of WWII. The AFC called FDR two-faced by saying he was against war but was forcing Congress to pass acts that aided the warring countries like Britain. Also, they urged America to not help any of the warring countries at all.
The goals of the isolationists were staying out of war, keeping the peace, and being neutral and have a good standing. They thought that America wouldn't be able to make enough in industry or survive the war with the Great Depression still going on. Also, they wanted to keep the peace as means to keep foreign trade and etc. with Europe peaceful. Lastly, they wanted to be neutral and have a good standing in the war (be strong but not be active in the war), they didnt want to be on any side and wanted America to be a good strong example almost. "Isolationism" is a misnomer because it implies that some Americans should isolate itself but in fact this group of people favored international trade and certain bilateral agreements set in the 1930s. Also, many isolationists agreed with some of the terms set during World War I.
2. What did some isolationists feel that there was no need for Americans to feel threatened by developments in Europe and Asia?
They felt that the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans cushoned them from the war, and the U.S. had made friendly alliances with the western hemisphere therefore America was safe all the way around (at least this is what some isolationists thought).
3. What were the purposes of the Nye Committee hearings?
The purposes of the Nye Committee hearings were to investigate why the U.S. went into World War I, let the people know and hopefully understand those reasons, and make people not want war inturn making the United States stay out of the problems in Europe and Asia.
4. List two impressions that the Nye Committee hearings created.
One impression the Nye Committee hearings created was that soldiers had died in WWI because of corporations looking to make profits and had convinced President Wilson to go to war. Secondly, it made Americans believe that big businesses again would drag them into this war too.
5. What were the purposes of the Neutrality Acts?
The purposes of the Neutrality Acts were to keep America from choosing sides in the war, prohibited the shipping of arms and weapons to nations at war, to bring the armament industry under the control of the government, and no Americans on warring country’s ships or American ships in the war.xd
6. List two reasons that some Americans considered Roosevelt's leadership radical and dangerous.
One reason, Americans considered Roosevelt’s leadership radical and dangerous because FDR attempted to “pack” the court with leaders he appointed himself to add to the court, for every man over the age of seventy. Secondly, FDR tried becoming president a third term in 1940, therefore people thought he was becoming overly powerful and in turn dangerous.
7. What was "Cash and Carry"?
“Cash and Carry” was part of the Neutrality Act of 1939 and allowed America to sell products to the warring nations but they would have to pay in cash and find a means as to bring the products to them (America wouldn’t send ships with the products to the warring nations the nations would have to get it themselves).
8. Why did President Roosevelt freeze Japanese assets in the United States?
FDR froze Japanese assets in the United States because FDR thought that Japan was moving too aggressively and after Japan took control of northern French Indochina FDR couldn’t take it anymore.
9. What was the purpose of the America First Committee?
The sole purpose of the America First Committee was to keep the country out of WWII. The AFC called FDR two-faced by saying he was against war but was forcing Congress to pass acts that aided the warring countries like Britain. Also, they urged America to not help any of the warring countries at all.
Monday, February 22, 2010
World Events Set Stage for Isolationism
1. What was the Japanese reaction to the Treaty of Versailles? (pgs. 4 - 5)
The Japanese reaction to the Treaty of Versailles was "at a crossroads" (p. 4). Some people wanted to join the League of Nations as means to obtain some of the natural resources and markets to help boost their growing economy. Others didn't think that Japan should join nor sign the treaty because they thought that the other countries would still consider them as inferior people and that they would just be ignored. This idea came from the strong discrimination and racial dispositions from France, Great Britain, and the U.S. Another side thought that the higher powers, like France, Great Britain, and the U.S., would just use Japan for their natural resources and markets.
2. Read the pull-out box on page 4 entitled, "Japan Becomes a Great Power." Cite specific evidence Japan was becoming a strong power that rivaled European & American interests. And, why specifically was Japan threatened by U.S. actions?
It began a program with the slogan: "Enrich the nation and strengthen the army," which clearly shows that it wanted to spread its traditions and its overall ways of life to the world; like America's "manifest destiny." Also, there were some strong opionions saying "others argued that Japan would need to use military force to achieve its goals," which shows that some people thought that Japan needed to take evasive and aggressive action "to achieve its goals." Then "Japan defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War and gained access to parts of Man- churia. Japan annexed Korea in 1910. In 1914, Japan had declared war against Germany in order to "...establish its rights and interests in Asia," which furthermore shows that Japan was moving fast in expanding its territory and their ways of life. The aggression and expansion Japan started making was a great threat to Europe and America and their interests. Japan was threatened by U.S. actions because America was expanding farther west into the specific (the Philippines, Guam, and Hawaii), the U.S. made acts that stopped immigration of Japanese and Chinese immigrants from coming into America, and the U.S. had interests in the markets (and did have some control of some of the areas and markets).
3. Why was the Washington Naval Conference convened and what was accomplished? (pg. 6) (Note: Japan signs the agreement.)
The Washington Naval Conference was convened because U.S. interests were threatened by the immense growth of Japan's navy in the Pacific Ocean. The conference accomplished limited the size of naval ships, placed a mora- torium on building new battleships, outlawed the use of poison gases, and limited the role of submarines in future wars. Also, the nations agreed on an open policy trade with China and agreed to recognize and fix disputes about the issues in the Pacific by sending them to a committee for resolution.
4. The Senate's willingness to ratify the Kellogg-Briand Pact relected two strong and widely held sentiments. What were they? (pgs. 6 - 7)
Americans remembered the carnage of World War I and wanted strongly to avoid being dragged into another European war. Also, policy-makers continued to resist the obligations of permanent alliances and wished to preserve the ability to act when and where they wanted.
5. Why did Hitler enjoy popular support in Germany for most of the 1930s? Give three reasons. (pgs. 9 - 10)
Hitler enjoyed popular support in Germany for most of the 1930s because he improved the economic situation, reduced unemployment, and made Germans feel proud of their country again after being humiliated in the Treaty of Versailles by the strong European countries like France and Great Britain.
6. Japan voiced its intentions to invade China for what two reasons? (pg. 10)
The two voiced reasons were said as a means of obtaining raw material and increasing their power.
7. Compare the Reichstag fire and the explosion on the Japanese railway in Manchuria. What did they accompllish?
The Reichstag fire was supposidly made by communists but it is suspected to be made by Hitler and the nazis, and the railway in Machuria was supposidly made by China but it is also suspected the Japan did it. They were both suspected to be done to start an uproar. Japan used it (and made it) to start or invade Manchuria and take control, to basically start this control and expansion of Japan. The fire was made and used by the Nazis and Hitler to suspend the rights of the people (including freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom to assemble). He blamed German communists that they were trying to incite a revolution and overthrow the government. The railway accomplished for Japan control, Japan got to control that part of China and it started the big aggression of Japan's expansion. The fire gave Hitler more power, he got to control the people.
8. Why was the united States unable to oppose Japan in the early 1930s with a significant military force? (pgs. 11 - 12)
The United States was unable to oppose Japan in the early 1930s because their military force was only in the low hundred thousand whil Japan's was in the millions. Also, the League was also afraid and didn't want to get involved. So America woul have no help, everyone was backing out of fighting and so did America.
9. Describe the major similarities and differences among liberal democracy, fascism, and socialism. (pg. 8)
Some of the major similarities with liberal democracy, fascisim, and socialism are that there is a group of leaders that more or less control the people of their country and the people aren't in complete control. In fascism the Nazis were controled by Hitler he told the nazis what to do to the people to control them and he made laws that controled the people. In socialism the people didn't have any control over pretty much everything, there was a group of people led by Josef Stalin who controled what the people did and what they had. In liberal democracy, there are different levels of groups of people that make laws and such that regulate many things and make rules for people. These rules somewhat control the people, but there are a lot more freedoms here than the others. Here there is freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to assembly and much more. The people weren't controled in certain ways like how much work they had to do, whether they lived or died. However in fascism under Hitler he tried exterminating certain races such as Jewish people and African Americans. Also, in socialism the people had no rights, they had to go to this assigned job and make a certain amount or quota of whatever they made, and if they didn't they'd be sent to this horrible camps that were very much like the concentration camps run by Hitler.
The Japanese reaction to the Treaty of Versailles was "at a crossroads" (p. 4). Some people wanted to join the League of Nations as means to obtain some of the natural resources and markets to help boost their growing economy. Others didn't think that Japan should join nor sign the treaty because they thought that the other countries would still consider them as inferior people and that they would just be ignored. This idea came from the strong discrimination and racial dispositions from France, Great Britain, and the U.S. Another side thought that the higher powers, like France, Great Britain, and the U.S., would just use Japan for their natural resources and markets.
2. Read the pull-out box on page 4 entitled, "Japan Becomes a Great Power." Cite specific evidence Japan was becoming a strong power that rivaled European & American interests. And, why specifically was Japan threatened by U.S. actions?
It began a program with the slogan: "Enrich the nation and strengthen the army," which clearly shows that it wanted to spread its traditions and its overall ways of life to the world; like America's "manifest destiny." Also, there were some strong opionions saying "others argued that Japan would need to use military force to achieve its goals," which shows that some people thought that Japan needed to take evasive and aggressive action "to achieve its goals." Then "Japan defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War and gained access to parts of Man- churia. Japan annexed Korea in 1910. In 1914, Japan had declared war against Germany in order to "...establish its rights and interests in Asia," which furthermore shows that Japan was moving fast in expanding its territory and their ways of life. The aggression and expansion Japan started making was a great threat to Europe and America and their interests. Japan was threatened by U.S. actions because America was expanding farther west into the specific (the Philippines, Guam, and Hawaii), the U.S. made acts that stopped immigration of Japanese and Chinese immigrants from coming into America, and the U.S. had interests in the markets (and did have some control of some of the areas and markets).
3. Why was the Washington Naval Conference convened and what was accomplished? (pg. 6) (Note: Japan signs the agreement.)
The Washington Naval Conference was convened because U.S. interests were threatened by the immense growth of Japan's navy in the Pacific Ocean. The conference accomplished limited the size of naval ships, placed a mora- torium on building new battleships, outlawed the use of poison gases, and limited the role of submarines in future wars. Also, the nations agreed on an open policy trade with China and agreed to recognize and fix disputes about the issues in the Pacific by sending them to a committee for resolution.
4. The Senate's willingness to ratify the Kellogg-Briand Pact relected two strong and widely held sentiments. What were they? (pgs. 6 - 7)
Americans remembered the carnage of World War I and wanted strongly to avoid being dragged into another European war. Also, policy-makers continued to resist the obligations of permanent alliances and wished to preserve the ability to act when and where they wanted.
5. Why did Hitler enjoy popular support in Germany for most of the 1930s? Give three reasons. (pgs. 9 - 10)
Hitler enjoyed popular support in Germany for most of the 1930s because he improved the economic situation, reduced unemployment, and made Germans feel proud of their country again after being humiliated in the Treaty of Versailles by the strong European countries like France and Great Britain.
6. Japan voiced its intentions to invade China for what two reasons? (pg. 10)
The two voiced reasons were said as a means of obtaining raw material and increasing their power.
7. Compare the Reichstag fire and the explosion on the Japanese railway in Manchuria. What did they accompllish?
The Reichstag fire was supposidly made by communists but it is suspected to be made by Hitler and the nazis, and the railway in Machuria was supposidly made by China but it is also suspected the Japan did it. They were both suspected to be done to start an uproar. Japan used it (and made it) to start or invade Manchuria and take control, to basically start this control and expansion of Japan. The fire was made and used by the Nazis and Hitler to suspend the rights of the people (including freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom to assemble). He blamed German communists that they were trying to incite a revolution and overthrow the government. The railway accomplished for Japan control, Japan got to control that part of China and it started the big aggression of Japan's expansion. The fire gave Hitler more power, he got to control the people.
8. Why was the united States unable to oppose Japan in the early 1930s with a significant military force? (pgs. 11 - 12)
The United States was unable to oppose Japan in the early 1930s because their military force was only in the low hundred thousand whil Japan's was in the millions. Also, the League was also afraid and didn't want to get involved. So America woul have no help, everyone was backing out of fighting and so did America.
9. Describe the major similarities and differences among liberal democracy, fascism, and socialism. (pg. 8)
Some of the major similarities with liberal democracy, fascisim, and socialism are that there is a group of leaders that more or less control the people of their country and the people aren't in complete control. In fascism the Nazis were controled by Hitler he told the nazis what to do to the people to control them and he made laws that controled the people. In socialism the people didn't have any control over pretty much everything, there was a group of people led by Josef Stalin who controled what the people did and what they had. In liberal democracy, there are different levels of groups of people that make laws and such that regulate many things and make rules for people. These rules somewhat control the people, but there are a lot more freedoms here than the others. Here there is freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to assembly and much more. The people weren't controled in certain ways like how much work they had to do, whether they lived or died. However in fascism under Hitler he tried exterminating certain races such as Jewish people and African Americans. Also, in socialism the people had no rights, they had to go to this assigned job and make a certain amount or quota of whatever they made, and if they didn't they'd be sent to this horrible camps that were very much like the concentration camps run by Hitler.
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